What is Land Value Taxation?
Land Value Taxation (LVT) charges land in proportion to value,
exempting improvements, such as
buildings. LVT collects most, or all, of the Annual Rental Value of land. Annual Rental Value is
the value of rent that is paid, or could be paid, each year. This
Value arises, not from effort made
by the owner of land, but from the nature of land, such as
soil fertility, or the location of land, and the need of people for
land.
LVT is fair; it falls on
value not created by the owner. LVT is efficient; the owner pays, so is induced to use land
efficiently. LVT, through efficient land use, protects the
environment. With a system of LVT, it would be very much
cheaper to buy land, whether for agriculture, housing, factories,
office accommodation, hospitals, or anything else. Revenue from LVT
could be used to replace or reduce existing
taxes.
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Quotes
“Rent, considered as the price paid for the use of land, is naturally the highest which the tenant can afford to pay in the actual circumstances of the land”.
“The rent of the land, therefore, considered as the price paid for the use of the land, is naturally a monopoly price”.
Adam Smith
The Wealth of Nations
1776
“Rent is that portion of the produce of the earth which is paid to the landlord for the use of the original and indestructible powers of the soil” (p. 33)
“A land-tax, levied in proportion to the rent of land, and varying with every variation of rent, is in effect a tax on rent …. it will not in any way affect the price of raw produce, but will fall wholly on the landlords.” (p.115)
David Ricardo
The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
Everyman's Library: 1911
(First published 1821)
“We believe, then, in the possibility of a right condition of society. We believe that God, who has made harmony in nature, has not made confusion and disorder the necessary condition of human life, or human association. To whom, then, ought the rents of the soil to be equitably allocated? I do not hesitate to say to THE NATION”.
Patrick Edward Dove [as P.E. Dove]
Elements of Political Science (Pp.317-318)
1854
“Must we therefore consent to inequality—must we therefore consent that some shall monopolize what is the common heritage of all? … it is not necessary, in order to secure equal rights to land, to make an equal division of land. All that it is necessary to do is to collect the ground-rent for the common benefit.”
Henry George
Social Problems (p. 179)
1884
(Note: Henry George states that ground-rent means rent.)